2

  -2021

..  



()

  :    : 100

:                

1.          

2. ()        

()             

3.     ? -       

4.       ?        

5.        

6. ''             

7.     ?       -

-          

8.    ,      

2

  -2021

..  



()

  :    : 100

:                

1.          

:       :   

               ,   

               

  : ,     ,       

       -  -  ,  -, 

      

     ,         , 

               , 

  ,           

 1:    – !

  , "            ,  



 

    ,  



    (AD)   "   

              :

•   (): ,        



•   (I): ,         

•   ():   ,        

•   ():           , 

         ,     

2

  , "     ,       , 

               ,  

   ,      "

 2:       



 

       (Y)        :

=+++ =  +  +  + =+++

    :

•       (C),    ,    

•       (I),      ,     

 

•        (),       

•          (NX),     

 

        , "         

        "

 3:     

                    

  , "       ,       

              "    

  

  :

      ,       

•       ,           

  

•       

•              , "

        "

 4:   –  ,  !

         , "     100

       , . , 100        

                  

       ,         "

2

   :

=11−MPC\text{} = \frac{1}{1 - MPC}=1−MPC1

:

 (  )           

  , "    ,      ,  

    "

 5:  –   

                (  )  

 (  )      :

AD=ASAD = ASAD=AS

     :

•                 

•       ,         

 6:    

                 

     ,  :

•           

•               

•           

            , "

               

"

 7:    

               , " 

    ,         "     ,  

:

•    ().

•     (I).

•      ().

2

 8:  -  !

     ,          

    ,           

          - 

    

     :           

    

              

      -        

  :   ,            

      

       ;         

       :

•         

•    

•          



              

    ,          ,   

          ,   , 

  -           ,   

      -    

2. ()        

()             

:      

      -          

,        ,             

                    



2

             , 100   , 

                  

      (   !)        

     ,            

 

   :                

   ,               

       ,         : " 

   "

              .

     

   19       -      

     ()      :

•         ,     

•               

  :      (  ),       

     ,         ()  

                   : 

     ,      

    :  

    , ,           

                 ,  

       

,  



  :

1.      .

2.        

3.           ()    

    ,               

                    

      

                  

     -,      :

2

•       , 

•       .

  ,              

   ,             ,   

      

  : 

              :

•  

•  

•  

        :    ,         

                  

      :

•           

•           

•           

                      

        :       

   

     :  

         ,       

          



1.          ?

              ,    

      ,          

 ,      

2.     ?

-,        ,        

            

3.  ():

               

2

,       ,       ,    

 

     

   ,                 

                

     ,         

  

     

1.      :

             

     ,    ,    ,   



2.   :

        ,         

   

3. - :

                

 ,         

 : 



 

              ,    

         -          

        ,        

   - 



                

  ,       ,     -   

,     ,          

 ,  , ,           , 

             ,       

      

2

()            

   ,     ,       

,                , 

           ,    :   (AD) 

  (AS)            ,    

   (AD)   :   

                

        :

•       

•           

•           

            -      ,  

      -      (AD)    ,   

! AD           ;       , 

      ()   EcoLand     

     ?

AD     ,          :

1.  ():       

2.  (I):          

3.   ():  ,        

4.   ():        (  ) 

     ()     

      ,         : AD=C+I+G+(X−M)

 X    M  

   

AD    ! ?          

        AD     :

1.       ,      ,  AD

      ,      ,  AD  



2

2.         (  ),      

 ,  AD    

3.       ,          

  ,  AD   

4.        ,         

 ,         

   ()  :  

      ,           

               :

•     

•      

•       

           ,     () 

 

    

     AS     :

1.     ()):         

 ,        -,      

          

2.    ():           

   ( ,   )        

       

      ?

           ,       

      :

1.         ,  AS   

2. :               ,  

 

3.    



    ,        ,

 AS   

2

4.             , 

..   

AD  AS       



                  

    :

1.    (   ):   ?

2.  :    .

 : 

AD  AS                  

   ,         

•  AD, AS   ,       ,     

()

•  AS, AD   ,           , 

    ()

AD-AS :   

        AD-AS     

         :

1. -:    (     )

2. :   (   ).

3. :AD     



  ,  AS     



  

AD  AS       

       :

1.   :

        ,  AD        

     ,       

2.   :

    -      AS       

      ,         

3.  :

     ,           

,  AD        ,     AS  

2

  

 AD  AS     ,    -    

 :

1.       ,  AD          

    ,        

2.  : AD      (   ),     

,      

3.  :   ,          , 

AS        

   

1.   : AD  AS      -  

2.           ,    

      

3.               

     



            ,     

        AD         , 

AS                   

,    -               

                  

 -             ,    AD  AS   

,                   

   !

3.     ? -       

:   - :      

 

       ...

       ,        ,  

           :     

2

                  

    ?

 1:     

 :

  "  "               , 

         -         , 

         ,      , 

      ,           

             ,   

         

 :

 ,              : " 

  ,       !"      

 ,        ,      

                

                    

      

 2:   

                   

 !      :

1.  1:               

                 

               

        ,        

2.  :              

,                

          ,     

        

3.  3:      -      ( 

),     ,           

 ,           

        , -      

   !

 3:-    

2

     :

1.  :

o    (  ,    )    , 

 



         

o        ()    , 

              

  ,       80%   ,  

            50%   

2.  :

o      ,         

              

    ,          

o ,             

         

3. :

o          ,    



  

    :

▪     (  )      ,  

    

▪        ( )    , 

      

▪  ,        ,     



o           ,     

             

  ,         ,     

          

 4:  



  

-    :

1.  :    ,        

            (

),             (

)

2

2.    :   ,      

           , 2008    

,              

  ,        

 5:    

1.   :      ,     

               

 :

o    (),   ()     

o    ()  ,       

    ()

2.             -

         ,   ,    

                

 

 6:  



  

        ,         

 :

1. :

o             

        ,        

2.  :

o             ,   

   

3.  :

o          

          

  ?

  ,            

           ,      

                

     

2

 

1. :

o                 

o                

 

2. :

o            , 

      

o              

3. :

o   ,          

 

o ,           



      ,       

              ,   

                 !

4.       ?        

::       

              ,    

      -        ,  -

,     ,     ,         

    ,         -     

                 

   :  

  ,      " "    :

1. :  

•      

2

•             

•        

•    ,    ,       

•                

          ,        

               ,    



2. :   

•     

•                  

•              

•        ,        

•             

        -       ,       

3. :   

•     .

•           

•         ,     ,    

•               

  ,         !

4. :  

• -    

•         

•                

•               

•        

  ,      ,        ,    



2

    : 



   

,      ,            

                  

     -      ,        

               

    

1.   -  

o              

o        ,   ,   

          -      

   

o               

 ,     ,       

2.   

o                



o              

            

o :  ,         

              

           

3.  

o       -       

- -    ,   -  -  



o ,   (     )    

        

         

,                

 

2

 1:    

              , 

          ,   ,    

     -     ,      

 2:   

  ,               

              

    ,      

 3:      

   ,              

             -    



 4:  

                  

           ""        



 5:

,                

 ,       ,        

   ,       !

      

     :

1.          

o                



2.        .

o               

  ,              

  

2

      

          ;          

     ,          

                  

      

5.        

:   : ,      

    ,            

                   ,

    ,              

    "  " ,         

     (  )     

  

       :

1.   : ,        

     

2.  :          

3.   :            

                   

   

      ?

      (    )        ,

        :

1. -  :

  ,           ,  

          ,    

                    

 

o  -     :      

2

2.  :

,                 

     ,          

  

o    :     

3.   :

 ,   ,            ,  

                

 ,              

o    :          

   

       :         ,   

                    

:

•       ,            

           

•      ,            

        

  



   :            

 :  

   ,              

                 

                  

  ,     

    

 ,          ,       

     ,              

      :            ,  

        

       

1.    :

     ,      ,    

             

2

2.   :

     ,            

   ,      

    

            :

•     .

•      .

     



 ,     -    ,    

  

    

1.     :

                 

    

2.    :

                  

     

3.    :

             

      



        ,      

     -          ,

                

,              

6. ''             

:        



:   

        ,           

   ,      ,         

    

2

              ,    

                    

    ?        -       

                    

           

  ?

           ,    ,   

               , 

              ()    

  ()

     :

1.   :     

2.    ,           

3.   :          



                  ,    

                  

:                 -    

 !  ?     

   



 

                

  ,          10,000      

           :

 1:

              10,000    

         ,          

-  -   

 :

        10,000       ,  

      (  9,000  )        

      

2

 3:   

 9,000              ,     

      10,000  ,        9,000    

,        19,000  ,     10,000   !

 4:   

      (  8,100  )         

,  ,               ,  

           ,        

    ,          

     ?  

                 

                

 10%           90%      10%

     

•   10,000     :

o  1,000  (10%)   

o    9,000  (90%)   

•       :

o  900  (10%)   

o    8,100  (90%)   

                   

     

   

                :

  ,    10,000      10% (0.1) :

 , 10,000      ,      100,000   

2

    ?

1.              ,

          

2.   :    ,        

,      

3.          ,   

     ,        

   

   



 ,       :

1.   :      ,     

       

2.           

3.   :             

           

      (   )        

                  

     

                  

          ,         

              ( )   

   ,      ( )

:   

        ;           

,         ,          

   -     

,              

                ,  ,   

       -          

 !

2

7.     ?       - -

          

:   :         ?

         ,    -       

        , ,       

       : ,           

        , "       ?"

               

   ,    ,            



  ?

                  

         : -   ,    

  ,            :

•   100   10     

•   100      7     

    !

   (   ?)

                ,    

        

1. -  (       )

         ,         

  ,    ,            

  -               ,

      

 -     -  ,        

2. -  (     )

               ,    

                 

     

 -     -      ,  

   

2

3.   (     )

                 

              ,    

              :    

 ,             

    -         

4.   (    )

                 

        ,    ,    

  

        -           

  

 : - 

,        ,      ,   

            :

•     ,       ,      

          

•     ,        ,     ,

     ,           

 (  )    

      -        





   :

•          

•      ,     

   ?

               , 

      -    ,     , 

   ,       ,       

       ,          



2

   

    ,            

   :

• 1970   ,         -  

      ,       

       

        

•         (- ),      

•       (- ),      

•               (

),      

    -   :    ()  ,   

()    -      !

8.    ,      

:  :     



    ,       ,       

       ,      ,    

    ,        (),   

                ( )

                

    ,             

                 - 

(    )      (    )   

    

                

,       -          

,               

      

2

   ?

             (      

      )          

               

  ,         ,        

     ()            

  

      :

1.   :            

                

                

            

2.    :             

                 

           ,     , 

         

   

,                   

  ,          :

1.          ,     ,

          ,      

              

                 

               , 

     

2.             , 

                

         ,     

 ,            

3.   :            

    ,           

   ,        

4.                

       -       !  

2

          ,     

,             

5.     :       (    

  )              ,

              ,   

    

   

         ,         

                    

        

1.    ()

                   

         

•       (   )   ,    

      ,         , 

      

•       (    )    ,   

       ,         ,

      

2.   ( )

                 

•         ,         , 

              

         ,     

  

•           ,       ,  

                 

3.   

  ,                   

 

•           ,        ,

               

  ,       

2

•         ,          ,

                

 ,              

4.    ()

   ()            

            

•         ,        , 

              

•           ,      , 

                 

      

5.    ()

   ()    ,        

  ,            , 

      

•         ,   ...     ,

               

 

•           ,   ...   ,

           

6.   

             ,   

  ,      

•             ,        

 

•                 

  ,        

:   

                 

          ,      

  ,     ,        

   ,     ,    ,    

       ,         

2

                  

 - -                

,   ,             

:             ( )       

         ,              